What is Depression?
Depression is a serious mental health condition that affects a person’s mood, thoughts, and daily functioning. Depression can be caused by a mix of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. It affects people of all ages and backgrounds. With proper treatment (such as addiction therapy, medication, and lifestyle changes) most individuals can manage symptoms and lead fulfilling lives.
Signs of depression may include:
- Persistent sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness
- Lack of interest in activities once enjoyed
- Loss of interest or pleasure in activities
- Changes in appetite or weight (loss or gain)
- Sleeping too much or too little
- Fatigue or low energy
- Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
- Difficulty concentrating, thinking, or making decisions
- Restlessness or slowed speech and movements
- Irritability or frustration (even over small matters)
- Unexplained physical symptoms, such as headaches or stomachaches
- Withdrawal from friends and family
- Thoughts of death, self-harm, or suicide
These signs may vary in intensity and duration, significantly affecting daily life and overall well-being. Professional evaluation is essential to securing an accurate diagnosis of depression and developing an effective treatment plan.
Examples of Depression Disorders
Depression is not a one-size-fits-all condition. It includes various disorders with distinct symptoms and durations. Understanding the different types of depression can help in identifying the right treatment.
- Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): MDD involves persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities, and significant changes in appetite, sleep, or energy. Symptoms last at least two weeks and interfere with daily life.
- Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD): Also known as dysthymia, PDD is a chronic form of depression lasting for two years or more. Symptoms may be milder than MDD, but last a long time and can impact functioning.
- Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): SAD typically occurs during fall and winter months when sunlight is limited. Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, and mood changes that can improve with seasonal changes or light therapy.